Pacific Rim leaders yesterday vowed to fight protectionism and Chinese officials said more countries are looking to join a China-led trading bloc after Donald Trump's election victory raised fears the United States would scrap free trade deals.

Trump campaigned for US president on a promise to pull out of the 12-nation Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPPA) trade deal, and also threatened to impose steep tariffs against China and Mexico.

Regional leaders responded yesterday, saying they would "fight against all forms of protectionism" and push ahead on the TPPA.

"We reaffirm our commitment to keep our markets open and to fight against all forms of protectionism," they said at a summit meeting of the 21-country Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (Apec) group in Lima, Peru.

On his last foreign trip, President Barack Obama said abandoning TPP would be a mistake for the United States.

"I think not moving forward would undermine our position across the region and our ability to shape the rules of global trade in a way that reflects our values and our interests," Obama told a news conference at the end of the summit.

Obama negotiated the TPPA but has stopped seeking its congressional approval and says its ratification is up to the incoming Trump administration.

China is not part of the TPPA but it has been pushing an alternative vision of free trade in Asia under the so-called Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), which does not currently include countries in the Americas.

Tan Jian, a senior member of China's delegation at the Apec meeting, said more countries are now seeking to join its bloc, including Peru and Chile, and that China wants to reach an agreement soon.

However, Tan said, the TPPA and RCEP were both valid paths to a broader Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific, which has long been a goal of the Apec bloc that represents 57 percent of the world economy.

Apec leaders echoed that sentiment. "We encourage that all regional undertakings, including TPPA and RCEP, remain open, transparent and inclusive and draw on each other," they said in a final declaration.

Some Apec leaders in Lima have suggested the TPP could continue without the United States, but others said that would require a complete renegotiation.

Another way forward might be to make some cosmetic changes that would allow Trump to change his mind and support the accord without losing face, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key suggested.

Obama said he was already hearing calls for a less ambitious free trade agreement with fewer protections for workers and environmental standards.

"That kind of agreement would obviously exclude US workers and businesses and access to those markets," he said.

Peruvian President Pedro Pablo Kuczynski, who hosted the summit, said it was too early to write off the TPPA and that Trump's support was due more to "difficult economic conditions" than to fierce protectionist sentiment.

- Reuters