COMMENT Compared with the affirmative action policies carried out elsewhere, for example in the United States, we find some glaring inconsistencies in this country:

Principle 1: Affirmative action in the US was implemented to rectify the glaring discrimination experienced by historically marginalised groups, such as the African American minority in the US.

In contrast, affirmative action in Malaysia is driven by the politically-dominant and majority Malay elite and directed at the Malay community as a whole, as the beneficiary group, regardless of wealth and position...