Solutions for cyberattack defence can be optimised through multiple strategies, including utilising genetic algorithms, linear programming and metaheuristics.

Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology economist (aviation and aerospace) associate professor Harridon Mohamed Suffian said cyberattacks are menacing, with significant adverse impacts, such as the denial-of-service (DOS) attack, which can disrupt certain services like airline ticketing, check-in, and information board.